Bibliografia sobre Tumores Oseos.

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General
* Alazraki, N. P.; Davis, M. A.; Jones, A. G.; Marty, Raymond; McNeil,B. J.; and Siegel, B. A.: Skeletal system. In Nuclear MedicineReview Syllabus, pp. 539-586. Edited by P. T. Kirchner. New York,Society of Nuclear Medicine, 1980.
* American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Actualizaciones en Cirugia Ortopédica y Traumatología. Volumen 4. Garsi. Madrid 1993.
* American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Actualizaciones en Cirugia Ortopédica y Traumatología. Volumen 5. Masson. Barcelona 1997.
* American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Actualizaciones en Cirugia Ortopédica y Traumatología. Volumen 5. Masson. Barcelona 1997.
* Baron, M. G.; de la Gandara, I.; Espinosa, E.; de Paredes, M.L. G.;Zamora, P.; and Mondejar, J. L.: Bone metastases as the first manifestationof a tumour. Internat. Orthop., 15: 373-376, 1991.
* Belliveau, R. E., and Spencer, R. P.: Incidence and sites of bonelesions detected by Tecnecio-99m-polyphosphate scans in patientswith tumors. Cancer, 36: 359-363, 1975.
* Berger, P. E., and Kuhn, J. P.: Computed tomografía of tumors of the musculosqueletyc system in children. Radiology, 127: 171-175, 1978.
* Bernardino, M. E.; Jing, B.-S.; Thomas, J. L.; Lindell, M. M., Jr.;and Zornoza, Jesus: The extremity soft-tissue lesion: acomparativestudy of ultrasonido, computed tomografía, and xeroradiography.Radiology, 139: 53-59, 1981.
* Berquist, T. H.: Magnetic resonance imagen of musculoesqueléticos neoplasms. Clin.Orthop.,244: 101-118, 1989.
* Bowers, T. A.; Murray, J. A.; Charnsangavej, Chusilp; Soo, C.-S.;Chuang, V. P.; and Wallace, Sidney: Bone metastases from renal carcinoma.The preoperative use of transcatheter arterial occlusion. J. Boneand Joint Surg., 64-A: 749-754, June 1982.
* CAMPANACCI M. et RUGGIERI P. - Tumeurs osseuses: Classification, diagnostic et principes thérapeutiques. - Encycl. Méd.-Chir. (Elsevier, Paris-France), Appareil locomoteur, 14-030-A-10, 1992, 12 p.
* Chang, A. E.; Schaner, E. G.; Conkle, D. M.; Flye, M. W.; Doppman,J. L.; and Rosenberg, S. A.: Evaluation of computed tomografíain the detection of pulmonary metastases. A prospective study.Cancer, 43: 913-916, 1979.
* Collin, C.; Godbold, J.; Hajdu, S.; and Brennan, M.: Localizedextremity soft tissue sarcoma: an analysis of factors affectingsurvival. J. Clin. Oncol., 5: 601-612, 1987.
* de Santos, L. A.; Goldstein, H. M.; Murray, J. A.; and Wallace,Sidney: Computed tomografía in the evaluation of musculoesqueléticos neoplasms. Radiology, 128: 89-94,1978.
* Didolkar, M. S.; Fanous, N.; Elias, E. G.; and Moore, R. H.: Metástasiscarcinomas from occult primary tumors. A study of 254 patients.Ann. Surg., 186: 625-630, 1977.
* Enneking, W. F.; Chew, F. S.; Springfield, D. S.; Hudson, T. M.; andSpanier, S. S.: The role of radionuclide bone-scanning in determiningthe resectability of soft-tissue sarcomas. J. Bone and JointSurg., 63-A: 249-257, Feb. 1981.
* Finn, H. A.; Simon, M. A.; Martin, W. B.; and Darakjian, Hrair:Gammagrafía with galio-67 citrate in staging of soft-tissue sarcomasof the extremity. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 69-A: 886-891, July 1987.
* Greenspan A., Remagen W. - Differential diagnosis of tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone and joints. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Pub.
* Holmes, F. F., and Fouts, T. L.: Metástasis cancer of unknownprimary site. Cancer, 26: 816-820, 1970.
* Hudson, T. M.; Haas, George; Enneking, W. F.; and Hawkins, I. F.,Jr.: Angiography in the management of musculoesqueléticos tumors. Surg.,Gynec. and Obstet., 141: 11-21, 1975.
* Jaffe, Norman; Robertson, Resa; Ayala, Alberto; Wallace, Sidney;Chuang, Vincent; Anzai, Takashi; Cangir, Ayten; Wang, Y.-M.; andChen, Timothy: Comparison of intra-articular cis-diamminedichloroplatinumII with high-dose methotrexate and citrovorumfactor rescue in the treatment of primary osteosarcoma. J. Clin.Oncol., 3: 1101-1104, 1985.
* Jeon DG et al. Algorithm for the surgical treatment of malignant lesions of the proximal tibia. CORR No 358 1999. p 15.
* Kirchner, P. T., and Simon, M. A.: Current concepts review. Radioisotopicevaluation of skeletal disease. J. Bone and Joint Surg.,63-A: 673-681, April 1981.
* Kirchner, P. T., and Simon, M. A.: The clinical value of bone andgalio gammagrafía for soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities.J. Bone and Joint Surg., 66-A: 319-327, March 1984.
* Kransdorf, M. J.; Jelinek, J. S.; Moser, R. P., Jr.; Utz, J. A.;Brower, A. C.; Hudson, T. M.; and Berrey, B. H.: Soft-tissue masses:diagnosis using MR imagen. AJR: Am. J. Roentgenol., 153: 541-547,1989.
* Lange, T. A.; Austin, C. W.; Seibert, J. J.; Angtuaco, T. L.; andYandow, D. R.: Ultrasonido imagen as a screening study for malignantsoft-tissue tumors. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 69-A: 100-105, Jan.1987.
* Levin, D. C.; Watson, R. C.; and Baltaxe, H. A.: Arteriographyin diagnosis and management of acquired peripheral soft-tissuemasses. Radiology, 104: 53-58, 1972.
* Lleander, V. C.; Goldstein, G.; and Horsley, J. S., III: Chemotherapyin the management of metástasis cancer of unknown primarysite. Oncology, 26: 265-270, 1972.
* Lodwick, G. S.: A systematic approach to the roentgen diagnosisof bone tumors. In Tumors of Bone and Soft Tissues, pp. 49-68.Chicago, Year Book Medical, 1965.
* Mankin, H. J.; Lange, T. A.; and Spanier, S. S.: The hazards ofbiopsy in patients with malignant primary bone and soft-tissue tumors.J. Bone and Joint Surg., 64-A: 1121-1127, Oct. 1982.
* Martel, William, and Abell, M. R.: Radiologic evaluation of softtissue tumors. A retrospective study. Cancer, 32: 352-366, 1973.
* McLeod, R. A., and Stephens, D. H.: Computed tomografía of pelvic musculoesqueléticos neoplasm.Contemp.Orthop., 1: 36-41, Oct. 1979.
* McMillan, J. H.; Levine, Errol; and Stephens, R. H.: Computedtomografía in the evaluation of metástasis adenocarcinoma from anunknown primary site. A retrospective study. Radiology, 143: 143-146,1982.
* McNeil, B. J.: Rationale for the use of bone scans in selectedmetástasis and primary bone tumors. Sem. Nucl. Med., 8: 336-345,1978.
* Mercuri M., Casadei M.: Patellar Tumors. CORR 2001;2001:35-46
* Miller, W. E.; Crowe, J. K.; and Muhm, J. R.: The evaluation ofpulmonary parenchymal abnormalities by tomografía. Radiol. Clin. NorthAmerica, 14: 85-93, 1976.
* Mosende, Crisanta; Gutierrez, Manuel;Caparros, Brenda; and Rosen,Gerald: Combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, cyclophosphamideand dactinomycin for the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma.Cancer, 40: 2779-2786, 1977.
* Muhm, J. R.; Brown, L. R.; and Crowe, J. K.: Detection of pulmonarynodules by computed tomografía. AJR: Am. J. Roentgenol., 128:267-270, 1977.
* Muhm, J. R.; Brown, L. R.; and Crowe, J. K.: Use of computed tomografíain the detection of pulmonary nodules.Mayo Clin. Proc., 52:345-348, 1977.
* Myhre-Jensen, Olaf: A consecutive 7-year series of 1331 benignsoft tissue tumours. Clinicopathologic data. Comparison with sarcomas. Acta Orthop.Scandinavica, 52: 287-293, 1981.
* Norman, A.: The value of tomografía in the diagnosis of skeletaldisorders. Radiol. Clin. North America, 14: 251-258, 1976.
* Nottebaert, M.; Exner, G. U.; von Hochstetter, A. R.; and Schreiber,A.: Metástasis bone disease from occult carcinoma: a profile.Internat. Orthop., 13: 119-123, 1989.
* Nystrom, J. S.; Weiner, J. M.; Heffelfinger-Juttner, Joan; Irwin,L. E.; Bateman, J. R.; and Wolf, R. M.: Metástasis and histologicpresentation in unknown primary cancer.Sem. Oncol., 4:53-58, 1977.
* Nystrom, J. S.; Weiner, J. M.; Wolf, R. M.; Bateman, J. R.; andViola, M. V.: Identifying the primary site in metástasis cancer ofunknown origin. Inadequacy of roentgenographic procedures. J. Am. Med.Assn., 241: 381-383, 1979.
* Panza, Nicola; Lombardi, Gaetano; De Rosa,Michelle; Pacilio,Giovanni; Lapenta, Liliana; and Salvatore, Marco: High serum thyroglobulinlevels. Diagnostic indicators in patients with metastasesfrom unknown primary sites. Cancer, 60: 2233-2236, 1987.
* Petasnick, J. P.; Turner, D. A.; Charters, J. R.; Gitelis, Steven;and Zacharias, C. E.: Soft-tissue masses of the locomotor system:comparison of MR imagen with CT. Radiology, 160: 125-133, 1986.
* Quinn, S. F.; Erickson, S. J.; Dee, P. M.; Walling, A.; Hackbarth,D. A.; Knudson, G. J.; and Moseley, H. S.: MR imagen in fibromatosis:results in 26 patients with pathologic correlation. AJR: Am.J. Roentgenol., 156: 539-542, 1991.
* Rosenthal, D. I.: Computed tomografía in bone and soft tissueneoplasm: application and pathologic correlation. CRC Crit. Rev.Diag. Imag., 18: 243-278, 1982.
* Rougraff, B. T.; Kneisl, J. S.; and Simon, M. A.: Skeletal metastasesof unknown origin: prospective evaluation of a diagnostic strategy.Unpublished data.
* Rydholm, Anders, and Berg, N. O.: Size, site and clinical incidenceof lipoma. Factors in the differential diagnosis of lipoma andsarcoma. Acta Orthop. Scandinavica, 54: 929-934, 1983.
* Rydholm, Anders; Gustafson, Pelle; Rooser, Bo; Willen, Helena;and Berg, N. O.: Subcutaneous sarcoma. A population-based study of129 patients. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 73-B(4): 662-667, 1991.
* Schajoviwich F.: Tumores y Lesiones pseudotumorales de huesos y articulaciones. editorial panamericana. Buenos Aires, 1982.
* Schajoviwich F.:Tumors and tumor like lesions of bone and joints. Springer-Verlag. New York - Beidelberg - Berlin
* Schaner, E. G.; Chang, A. E.; Doppman, J. L.; Conkle, D. M.; Flye, M.W.; and Rosenberg, S. A.: Comparison of computed and conventionalwhole lung tomografía in detecting pulmonary nodules: a prospectiveradiologic-pathologic study. AJR: Am. J. Roentgenol., 131:51-54, 1978.
* Schreiman, J. S.; Crass, J. R.; Wick, M. R.; Maile, C. W.; andThompson, R. C., Jr.: Osteosarcoma: role of CT in limb-sparing treatment.Radiology, 161: 485-488, 1986.
* Simon, M. A., and Bartucci, E. J.: The search for the primarytumor in patients with skeletal metastases of unknown origin. Cancer,58: 1088-1095, 1986.
* Simon, M. A., and Kirchner, P. T.: Scintigraphic evaluation ofprimary bone tumors. Comparison of tecnecio-99m phosphonate and galio citrate imagen.J. Bone and Joint Surg., 62-A: 758-764, July 1980.
* Simon, M. A., Finn, H. A.: INSTRUCTIONAL COURSE LECTURES, THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS. DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY FOR BONE AND SOFT-TISSUE TUMORS. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol. 75-A, NO. 4, APRIL 1993, pp. 622-631
* Simon, M. A.: Current concepts review.Biopsy of musculoesqueléticos tumors.J.Bone and Joint Surg., 64-A: 1253-1257, Oct.1982.
* Simon, M. A.; Schaaf, H. W.; and Metz, C. E.: Clinical utilityof the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in preoperative evaluationof solitary skeletal lesions. J. Orthop. Res., 2: 262-268, 1984.
Stewart, J. F.; Tattersall, M. H. N.; Woods, R. L.; and Fox, R. M.:Unknown primary adenocarcinoma: incidence of overinvestigation andnatural history. British Med. J., 1: 1530-1533, 1979.
* Thorpe, W. P.; Reilly, J. J.; and Rosenberg, S. A.: Pronósticosignificance of alkaline phosphatase measurements in patientswith osteogenic sarcoma receiving chemotherapy. Cancer, 43: 2178-2181,1979.
* Totty, W. G.; Murphy, W. A.; and Lee, J. K. T.: Soft-tissue tumors:MR imagen. Radiology, 160: 135-141, 1986.
* Vilanova BusquetsJ.C.: Indicaciones de la resonancia magnética en las lesiones musculares y partes blandas. Jano 2000; Vol. 1 Nº 1: 5-7.
* Wallace, Sidney; Granmayeh, Masood; deSantos, L. A.; Murray, J. A.;Romsdahl, M. M.; Bracken, R. B.; and Jonsson, Kjell: Arterial occlusionof pelvic bone tumors. Cancer, 43: 322-328, 1979.
* Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics: www.medmedia.com/o6/136.htmWoods, R. L.; Fox, R. M.; Tattersall, M. H. N.; Levi, J. A.; andBrodie, G. N.: Metástasis adenocarcinomas of unknown primary site. Arandomized study of two combination-chemotherapy regimens. NewEngland J. Med., 303: 87-89, 1980.
* Zimmer, W. D.; Berquist, T. H.; McLeod, R. A.; Sim, F. H.; Pritchard,D. J.; Shives, T. C.; Wold, L. E.; and May, G. R.: Bone tumors:magnetic resonance imagen versus computed tomografía. Radiology,155: 709-718, 1985.

Estadios quirúrgicos
* Cheng EY and Thompson R.: New Developments in the staging and imaging of soft tissue sarcomas. JBJS. Vol 81-A. No 6. June 1999. p 882.
* Finn HA; Simon MA; Martin WB; Darakjian H.: Scintigraphy with gallium-67 citrate in staging of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremity. J-Bone-Joint-Surg-Am. 1987 Jul; 69(6): 886-91. We performed a retrospective study of sixty patients who had a activity of the gallium was present in forty-one of forty-eight sites in citrate should be employed routinely for staging of soft-tissue sarcomas.
* Enneking WF.: Current concepts review: The surgical staging of musculoskeletal staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma. JBJS Vol 62-A. 1980. p 1027-1030.
Enneking WF et al.: A system for the surgical staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma. CORR. Vol 153. 1980. p 106-120.
* Mankin HJ; Connor JF; Schiller AL; Perlmutter N; Alho A; McGuire M; Grading of bone tumors by analysis of nuclear DNA content using flow cytometry. J-Bone-Joint-Surg-Am. 1985

* Mar; 67(3): 404-13. We studied 217 consecutive tumors of bone by flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA concentration after staining with propidium iodide. A diagnosis and histological grade (benign, low-grade, or high-grade sarcoma) were assigned to each tumor on the basis of staging data (with the exception of the forty-six giant-cell tumors, which, although indistinguishable histologically, were divided according to the flow cytometric pattern into two distinct groups), and we quantitatively studied the flow cytometry data to assess the percentages of cells in diploidy, tetraploidy, or aneuploidy. When compared, the mean values for the flow cytometric data for the three grades showed significant differences. Criteria were established for the three classes of tumors: for benign tumors, less than 11 per cent tetraploidy and no aneuploidy;

* PeabodyaT.D. Simon M. A.: Principles of staging of soft-tissue sarcomas. University of Chicago Medical Center, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery Clin-Orthop. 1993 Apr. (289). P 19-31. * The TNM staging system is a modus for diagnosis and treatment in which T is the extent of the tumor involvement, N is lymph node involvement, and M is the metastases; this system is supplemented with a histologic malignancy grade. Staging systems identify specific prognostic factors with which to predict clinical outcome. Staging systems are useful for assigning treatment priorities, determining the role of adjuvant therapies, and evaluating clinical investigations. Unfortunately, no universally accepted staging system for soft-tissue sarcomas exists. This is related to the relatively low incidence of sarcomas, the unique and unpredictable behavior of sarcomas, significant disagreement regarding histogenesis and grading, and lack of consensus regarding the value of various prognostic factors. In adults, the two most commonly used staging systems are those developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer and by Enneking. In children, the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study and the International Union Against Cancer have described the systems most commonly used. These systems for soft-tissue sarcomas rely on an ability to accurately determine both the local and distant extent of disease. Advances in the field of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have made this possible. It is likely that a staging system based upon a more sophisticated understanding of the basic biology of sarcomas will become available. Author-abstract.

* Saddegh M-K. Lindholm J. Lundberg A. Nilsonne U. Kreicbergs A.: Staging of soft-tissue sarcomas. Prognostic analysis of clinical and pathological features. Dept of Orthopaedics, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. J-Bone-Joint-Surg-[Br]. 1992 Jul. 74(4). P 495-500. In a retrospective study of all 137 patients with soft-tissue sarcoma treated by surgery between 1972 and 1984, the clinical course was related to several host and tumour features, including the Surgical Staging System of Enneking, Spanier and Goodman (1980). Only patients free from metastasis with untreated primary lesions on admission were included. According to the Surgical Staging System, nine tumours were IA, 18 IB, 38 IIA and 72 IIB. Only 12 patients underwent amputation; 125 were treated by local surgery. The mean follow-up time was ten years (minimum five). For the whole series the probability of seven-year survival was 0.65; 42 patients (31%) died from tumour disease. All these had metastases and 24 also had local recurrence. The local recurrence rate was 36%. Multivariate analysis identified large tumour size and high histological grade as significant risk factors for metastatic disease and tumour-related death. Sex, age, tumour site, surgical margin and local recurrence showed no correlation with survival. The prognostic contribution of compartmentality was virtually nil. Histological grade combined with tumour size was found to give better prognostic information than that obtained by the Surgical Staging System. Author-abstract.

Estudios de imagen
* Moser R. Personal communication 1992.
* Edeiken J. Roentgen diagnosis of diseases of bone. (4th ed.) Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1989 (Harris JJ, ed. Golden's diagnostic radiology).
* Helms, CA. Personal communication, 1983.
* Madewell JE, Ragsdale BD, Sweet DE. Radiologic and pathologic analysis of solitary bone lesions. Part I: Internal margins. Radiol Clin N Am 1981;19:715-748.
* Panuel M, Gentet JC, Scheiner C, Jouve JL, Bollini G, Petit P, Bourliere-Najean B, Devred P. Physeal and epiphyseal extent of primary malignant bone tumors in childhood. Correlation of preoperative MRI and the pathologic examination. Pediatr Radiol 1993;23:421-424.
* Norton KI, Hermann G, Abdelwahab IF, Klein MJ, Granowetter LF, Rabinowitz JG. Epiphyseal involvement in osteosarcoma. Radiology 1991;180:813-816.
* Ragsdale BD, Madewell JE, Sweet DE. Radiologic and pathologic analysis of solitary bone lesions. Part II: Periosteal reactions. Radiol Clin N Am 1981;19:749-783.

Metástasis óseas
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